June 12, 2025 | Natalie Webber How do power wheelchair controls work? A power wheelchair’s control system is important because it determines how accessible, intuitive and comfortable the chair is to operate. And in today’s market, there are a wide range of control options to suit a variety of needs. In this article, we’ll discuss the most common types of power wheelchair controls, and how to choose the best for your needs. Types of power wheelchair controls and how they work 🕹️ 1. Joystick Controller The joystick controller is the most common powered wheelchair control type. It is usually mounted on the left- or right-hand armrest, and is made up of 3 main control components: 1. Power switch: this turns the power on and lights up the battery indicator 2. Speed dial: this controls the speed of travel, up to the maximum speed of the power wheelchair (usually 4mph, but some go up to 8mph) 3. Joystick: this controls the direction (forward, backward, left and right), and triggers the electromagnetic braking when released Images show the Juvo B4 powerchair’s controls Modern joystick controllers vary in complexity depending on the number of electric functions. For example, a bespoke electric wheelchair, or one with functions such as seat tilt or seat rise, may have additional switches or buttons, or have a LCD screen for switching between modes. 🧠 2. Alternative Controls It’s not uncommon for a joystick controller to be an unsuitable option, because of injury, illness or limited cognitive ability. In these situations, adaptive control systems provide accessible alternatives: 💨 Sip-and-Puff Systems Controlled by inhaling or exhaling into a straw-like device Often used by individuals with quadriplegia 🎧 Head Arrays Uses head movements to operate the powerchair Ideal for users with control over neck and head but limited upper body movement 🦶 Foot or Chin Controls Chin joysticks are mounted near the user’s face Foot controls may be operated via pressure pedals 🫸Attendant Controls Designed so an attendant e.g. caregiver can operate the powerchair Usually mounted to the rear push handles Works like a joystick controller, and can be used in combination with a joystick controller 🛜 Bluetooth Control Allows remote control of power wheelchair functions Tweak control settings to your preferences 🔼 Switch Controls & Buttons Can be used in place of or alongside joystick controllers May be easier to access and use e.g. for users with limited dexterity Can electric wheelchair controls be customised? Yes, most powerchairs controls can be customised to an individual’s needs. The level of customisation varies across brands and models. Bespoke powered wheelchairs will typically offer the highest level of modes and control customisation and options include: Alternative mounting options such as midline and tray Speed limiter settings for indoor and outdoor use Sensitivity calibration to reduce fatigue or prevent sudden starts How to choose the right power wheelchair controls Getting the right controls on an electric wheelchair can be a make-or-break feature that determines whether you get a user-friendly mobility device that gives you greater freedom and independence. There are 3 top factors to consider when choosing power wheelchair controls for your needs: 1. Manual dexterity 2. Cognitive function 3. Use environment Our expert advisors will be able to get you more specific advice based on your individual needs. Why not get in touch? Related articles Understanding the Key Features of Modern Electric Wheelchairs Common questions answered about Electric Wheelchairs How much do electric wheelchairs cost? Get in touch Got a question or want to send us a message? Let’s talk.